Java单元测试框架——Mockito

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一、建立测试目录

测试包类路径与被测试包类保持一致

二、建立测试类

类名在被测试类名后面加上Test

（一）配置文件

1、pom.xml

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<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
    <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
    <version>1.3</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
    <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
    <version>1.10.19</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

Mockito是一个流行的Mocking(模拟测试)框架，通过使用Mocking框架，可以尽可能使unit test独立。

（二）构建测试类

实例化被测试类对象

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private BGWorkStorage bgWorkStorage = new BGWorkStorage();

模拟变量

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@Mock
private IBGControlManage bgControlManage;
@Mock
private IBGSeqManage bgSeqManage;
@Mock
private IBGWorkManage bgWorkManage;
@Mock
private ThreadLocal<Date> lastInsertDate = new ThreadLocal<>();
@Mock
private ThreadLocal<Integer> currentStep = new ThreadLocal<>();

定义方法内部用到的返回结果

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private List<UsersBo> userBoList;
private List<AcctAccountRelationBo> acctAccountRelationBoList;
private List<AcctAccountBo> acctAccountBoList;
private List<BillDetailItemBo> queryBillDetailItemList;

初始化mock变量

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@BeforeMethod
public void setUp() throws Exception{
    // 初始化
    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(genBillHang),"iBillHangDetailItemManager",iBillHangDetailItemManager);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(genBillHang),"iDayBillSubtotalItemManage",iDayBillSubtotalItemManage);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(genBillHang),"iAcctAccountManage",iAcctAccountManage);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(genBillHang),"iAcctAccountRelationManage",iAcctAccountRelationManage);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(genBillHang),"iUsersManage",iUsersManage);
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(AopTargetUtils.getTarget(genBillHang),"genConfig",genConfig);
}

设置上下文参数

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//设置上下文
private void setContextParams() throws Exception{
    Context.getContextParams().put("deal_mode",0);
    Context.getContextParams().put("deal_type",1);
    Context.getContextParams().put("dbi_type",14);
    Context.getContextParams().put(Constants.Key.CITY_ID,14);
    JobConfig jobConfig = new JobConfig();
    jobConfig.setTotalTaskNum(2);
    jobConfig.setTaskItemNum(0);
    Context.getContextParams().put("jobConfig",jobConfig);
}

（三）期望、断言

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// 设置返回对象
when(bgControl.getBGControlByCityId(anyInt())).thenReturn(null);
List list = bgWorkStorage.fetchData();
// 断言
Assert.assertNull(list);
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bgWorkStorage.processData(workMQMessageBoList);
// 断言方法执行次数
verify(bgWorkManage, times(1)).updateWorkUsersBgFlagBatch(anyListOf(BGWorkUsersBo.class));

断言执行次数还有这些函数方法：never()，atLeast()，atLeastOnce()，atMost()

timeout(100).times(2)代表100毫秒内被调用两次

（四）PowerMock

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@PrepareForTest({BGWorkStorageTest.class,CollectionUtils.class, PropertiesUtil.class})
@PowerMockIgnore("javax.management.*")
public class BGWorkStorageTest {
}
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@ObjectFactory
public ITestObjectFactory getObjectFactory() {
    return new PowerMockObjectFactory();
}
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// mock工具类
CollectionUtils collectionUtils = PowerMockito.mock(CollectionUtils.class);     
// 替换被测试类中的变量
PowerMockito.whenNew(CollectionUtils.class).withAnyArguments().thenReturn(collectionUtils);
// mock静态方法
PowerMockito.mockStatic(CollectionUtils.class);     
// 断言
PowerMockito.when(collectionUtils.isEmpty(anyList())).thenReturn(false);
PowerMockito.when(collectionUtils.isNotEmpty(anyList())).thenReturn(true);

（五）期望异常、模拟异常捕获

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// 期望捕获异常：
@Test(expectedExceptions = com.newland.common.NLException.class)
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// 模拟void函数
doNothing().when(spy).add(anyInt(), anyString());
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// 模拟方法抛出异常
when(mock.someMethod()).thenThrow(new RuntimeException());
// 模拟void方法抛出异常
doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(mock).someMethod();

补充：

when()匹配固定字符串的方式:

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when(AcctFileProcessUtil.getNodeElement(anyString(), eq("MemProvCode"), eq("MemProvCode"))).thenReturn(null);

对于工具类没有返回值的情况，跳过执行:

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PowerMockito.mockStatic(FileUtils.class);
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(FileUtils.class, "moveFile", (File) anyObject(), (File) anyObject());

对静态方法进行断言（前提：先使用PowerMock的注解）

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PowerMockito.verifyStatic(times(1));
FileTool.writeFile(anyString(), anyString(), anyString(), anyListOf(String.class));